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حسابداری و مالی::
احتیاطی کلان
■ Macro-prudential supervision-"Encompasses all activities aimed at monitoring the exposure to systemic risk and at identifying potential threats to the stability arising from macroeconomic or financial markets developments, and from market infrastructures."7 Macro-stability, financial stability, and monetary policy are typically overseen by the central banks of the respective countries.
Macro-Prudential Supervision," Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, 22 March 2013.
Macro-Prudential Micro-Prudential Proximate objective Limit finanacial system-wide distress Limit distress of individual institutions Ultimate objective Avoid output (GDP) costs Consumer (Investor/ depositor) protection Model of risk (In part) Endogenous Exogenous Correlations and common exposures across institutions Important Irrelevant Calibration of prudential controls In terms of system-wide distress; top-down In terms of risks of individual institutions; bottom-up Source: Claudio Borio (BIS) (2003), BIS Working Paper No. 128 (http://www.bis.org/publ/ work128.pdf).
That was, however, in 2003; a decade later we can still, for clarity and understanding, segment the areas of regulation and supervision into macro-prudential and micro-prudential spaces.
The increased interconnectedness of markets and institutions, the globalization of businesses, and the financial services conglomerates that are combining the different classes of financial services businesses and their role in potential contagion effect have all contributed to the blurring of micro- and macro-prudential dimensions.
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